circumstance” or “by means of circumstance” and
is committed by inference.
LIGHT, AVAILABLE— See LIGHT, EXISTING.
LIGHT, BOUNCE— In still photography, an electronic
flash lighting technique in which the light source is
directed at the ceiling or wall and bounced back to
the subject as indirect light.
LIGHT, EXISTING— In still photography, the light
that happens to be on the scene, such as light from
table, floor and ceiling lights, neon signs, windows,
skylights and candles.
LIGHT, FILL— In television, light used to fill in and
soften harsh shadows created by the key light.
LIGHT, KEY— In television, the main light source
providing sufficient light to operate the camera. The
key light serves as the reference point for all other
lighting.
LIGHT, NATURAL— See LIGHT, EXISTING.
LINE ART— Any piece of solid color art (illustrations,
rules, headlines, borders, cartoons, crossword
puzzles, etc.) suitable for photographing without the
use of a halftone screen.
LIVE— (1) In radio and television, a program that is
aired in realtime (as it happens). (2) A term used to
describe apiece of equipment that is turned on, such
as a “live microphone.”
LOADED QUESTION— A question posed by an
interviewer that is intended to evoke a particular
response by the interviewee.
LONG SHOT (LS)— In television and still photog-
raphy, a shot that produces a full view of the scene,
including details of background as well as
foreground. When the director calls for along shot,
it normally will include five or six people.
MAKEUP— The process of arranging pictures, head-
lines and news stories in a page layout to obtain
maximum effectiveness.
MASTHEAD— A statement in a newspaper that gives
the reader information about the publication, such
as the name of the publisher, frequency of
publication, names of staff members, and the
addresses or telephone numbers of either the
editorial office or publisher (or both).
MEDIA— Plural form of the word medium; a term used
to identify all ways and means of communicating
news, information and entertainment to a relatively
large audience.
MEDIA INFORMATION KIT— A folder that
contains useful background information on a ship
or station or a particular news event.
MEDIUM CLOSE-UP (MCU)— In television and still
photography, a shot that normally includes the head
and shoulders of the talent or subject.
MEDIUM LONG SHOT (MLS)— In television and
still photography, a shot between the longshot (LS)
and extreme long shot (ELM).
MICROPHONE, BIDIRECTIONAL— A micro-
phone with a bidirectional polar pattern, allowing it
to pickup sound in two directions.
MICROPHONE, BOOM— A unidirectional micro-
phone attached to a hand-held pole, allowing the
microphone to remain outside of camera range.
MICROPHONE, CONTACT— See MICROPHONE,
HIDDEN.
MICROPHONE, DESK— A stationary microphone
used primarily when the talent is working from
behind a desk or lectern.
MICROPHONE, HAND— A unidirectional micro-
phone normally used during ENG shooting
assignments and audience participation programs.
MICROPHONE, HANGING— A stationary micro-
phone used when a boom microphone is impractical
because of lack of space or when a large set will not
permit rapid boom movement. The hanging
microphone is hung from the ceiling or overhead by
its cable, placing it out of normal camera range.
MICROPHONE, HIDDEN— A stationary micro-
phone often used to record the sound of an object to
which it is in direct contact.
MICROPHONE, LAVALIERE— A small unidirec-
tional microphone used by the talent and normally
clipped or taped to an article of clothing.
MICROPHONE, LAVALIERE (DUAL REDUN-
DANCY)— Two lavaliere microphones attached to
the same clip. One microphone is live; the other
serves as an emergency backup in case the primary
microphone fails.
MICROPHONE, OMNIDIRECTIONAL— A micro-
phone with an omnidirectional polar pattern,
allowing it to pick up sound in a 360-degree radius.
MICROPHONE, STAND— A stationary microphone
used when the sound source is immobile and the
microphone may be seen on camera.
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