Table 10-1.–Negative Defects Their Appearance, Cause, and Remedy-Contiuued Defect Appearance Cause Remedy Fading tendency. Sepia- or yellow-colored Incomplete  fixation  or  insufficient Properly fix and wash stains or areas in the negative. washing  causes  fading.  Remnants negatives. of the fixing bath left in the emulsion continues its action, and in  time,  this  defect  appears. Fingermarks. Imprint of fingers shows up Impressing wet or greasy fingers Keep  hands  clean  and on  negative. on the emulsion of film before or dry  when  handling during  development  and  fixation. film.  Sometimes  natural If mark is merely an outline of the oil on the fingertips finger, it was caused by water or causes  grease  marks. grease on the finger; if dark, it was When fingers become caused by developer; if transparent wet with water or or light, it was caused by fixer. solutions,  wash  and  dry thoroughly  before attempting  to  handle film. Fog (Aerial). A slight veiling of the Negative  exposed  to  air  during negative or parts of the development. Occurs most negative. frequently  in  freshly  mixed developers. Fog (Dichroic). Usually a fog of little density, Hypo or excessive amount of Removed  by  treating consisting  of  finely  divided sulfite in the developer. the negative in a weak particles  of  silver.  When solution  of  potassium viewed  by  transmitted  light, permanganate.   Further it is pinkish; when viewed by prevention  through  use reflected  light,  it  appears of clean tanks for reddish  green. developer  and  fixer. Frilling. Edges  of  the  gelatin  become detached  from  the  base. Detached edge of emulsion may either break off or fold over. Careless  handling;  using  solutions Handle  film  carefully that  are  too  warm;  insufficient and  sparingly;  use hardening  of  emulsion  due  to working  solutions  that insufficient  fixation;  exhausted are  mixed  correctly  and fixing bath or one containing are at the proper insufficient  amount  of  hardener;  or temperature.  Wash  film excessive  washing.  Frilling  is sufficiently,  but  never usually  caused  by  a  combination excessively. of  careless  handling  and  any  other mistake  that  will  render  the emulsion  or  film  soft. 10-36