Table 10-1.-Negative Defects: Their Appearance, Cause, and Remedy-Continued Defect Appearance Cause Remedy Streaks. Streaks and patches. In the case of spots, may be dark, white,  or  transparent. May be due to uneven development,  caused  by insufficient  agitation.  May  also  be due to developer splashed on the film  before  development,  a  dirty tank, fixer tray or tank used for developing, or a light fog. If the edges of the film are clear, trouble is in the camera; if the edges are fogged, it is due to a light leak in the  film  magazine  or  processing tank.  Certain  types  of  resinous woods and varnishes cause dark patches. White or transparent patches may be due to obstructions  in  the  camera  that prevented  light  from  acting  on  the film; an oil or grease that prevented  action  of  the  developer; hypo  on  film  before  development. Drying marks in the form of teardrops or white patches are caused by splashes of water on a dry negative or by leaving spots of water  on  the  film  before  drying, especially if the film is dried in warm air. Trace the cause of the streaks.  In  many  cases, they can be avoided in the  operation  and maintenance of equipment.   When drying  negatives,  be sure to use wetting agent  or  stabilizer. PROCESS   MONITORING To  consistently  produce  the  highest  quality photographic products possible and to prevent chemical processing  defects,  you  must  monitor  the  photographic processes.  From  a  hand-processing  system  to  a sophisticated,  computerized  processing  system,  process monitoring is necessary to achieve high quality on a consistent basis. When it is performed routinely, process monitoring can detect minor problems before a major casualty to your imagery results as well as aid in the proper  replenishment  of  your  processing  system. The area of quality control and process monitoring can be very complex. Some Navy Photographer's Mates earn an NEC and specialize in the field of quality control for photographic processes. It is not the intention of this training manual to provide you with the information necessary to become a specialist in photographic quality control; however, you must learn the appropriate steps to  monitor  the  process. The  production  of  high-quality  photographic products  requires  control  over  all  the  factors  that  affect light-sensitive  materials.  Film  exposure  and  processing are the most important of these factors. Negatives or positives that have not been uniformly and correctly exposed and processed may provide unusable results. By monitoring the process and providing high-quality products, you can save time and operating costs by reducing  waste  and  retakes. Any  monitoring  system  for  the  photographic process  requires  a  reference  or  standard,  and comparison  of  daily  production  to  this  standard.  Visual comparison of the reference to the standard is very subjective and limited in accuracy because of personal opinion. A more accurate method is to measure your production  against  the  standard.  Two  means  of  making 10-38