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Chapter 11 Black and White Printing
Contact Printer

Photography (Basic) - Introduction to photography and other graphic techniques
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Figure 11-1.–Proof printer. 303.46 or bleaching of the photographic image. Underfixation causes  the  image  to  darken  with  time. WARNING Never dump fixer down the drain. Dispose of   all   chemicals   according   to   the   local instructions  of  your  imaging  facility. In this chapter, the procedures and techniques for producing black-and-white positive paper prints from black-and-white negatives are discussed. Keep in mind that the procedures and techniques provided are the basics for printing color negatives and positives to produce  color  prints  as  well  as  making  duplicate black-and-white  film  positives. CONTACT   PRINTING A contact print is produced when you expose a sheet of photographic printing paper through a negative with the paper emulsion and the emulsion side of the negative in contact with each other. Light is directed through the negative  which  controls  the  amount  of  light  transmitted to the paper. The dense areas of the negative pass less light than do the more clear or less dense areas. The image densities formed (after development) in the emulsion  of  the  paper  make  a  positive  print  that represents the tonal values of the original subject. Since the paper is in direct contact with the negative, the print produced is exactly the same image size as the negative. When you are making a print from a negative by this method, only a 1:1 ratio is obtainable, but contact printing is generally a more rapid means of making prints  than  enlarging. The quality of contact prints usually surpasses that of enlargements because there is no scattering of the image-forming  light;  however,  with  the  ever-increasing use of small film format sizes and since only same-size prints can be made by contacting, enlarging has, for the most  part,  replaced  contact  printing  in  the  Navy  except for  making  proof  prints. CONTACT  PRINTERS Contact printing is the quickest, simplest, and most economical method of producing photographic prints. For making proof prints and small volume printing, all a “contact printer” needs is a sheet of glass, a light 11-2







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