centered  both  horizontally  and  vertically  in  the photograph  (fig.  7-12). The best camera and film to use for a full-length photograph is a 4x5 camera and a Polaroid 4x5 film back When this combination is used, the customer can leave the studio with the final product. Any camera or imaging system can be used, depending on your imaging facilities capabilities, providing that two 4x5-inch prints are  furnished  to  the  customer. best  advantage.  Because  the  photogenic  qualities  of each  person's  face  vary,  certain  corrective  techniques  in posing, lighting, and camera heights can be used to help depict the subject favorably and improve the quality of the  portrait.  Changing  the  camera  viewpoint,  combined with proper lighting and pose, can create amazing alterations in the pictured appearance of any face. Table 7-1 shows corrective techniques and ways they can be used to correct common problem areas. CORRECTIVE TECHNIQUES EXPOSURE CALCULATION FOR STUDIO   PORTRAITS The primary goal in portrait photography is to Normally, the exposure for portraits should be based present the subject in a favorable and flattering manner. on the fill light alone as measured at the subject position. Your  most  difficult  problem  is  combining  the  pose, The fill light is the single source of illumination to the lighting, and camera viewpoint to show your subject to shadow areas and image detail in the shadow areas. Table 7-1.–Corrective Treatments Problem Fat,  round  face Thin  face Wide  forehead Narrow forehead Baldness Eyes  close  together Eyes  far  apart Small  eyes Large or protruding eyes Deep  set  eyes Uneven  eyes Bags  under  eyes Cross eyed or defective  eye Treatment Shoot three-quarter view, light side of face away from camera Use  three-quarter  or  side  lighting Shoot  front,  full  face Use low three-quarter or side lighting Use low-camera viewpoint Tilt  chin  upward Use high-camera viewpoint Use low-camera viewpoint Little or no hair light Blend  head  with  background Shoot  three-quarter  pose Shoot  three-quarter  pose Shoot  three-quarter  pose Use three-quarter lighting so the eyes are in shadow Use  high  three-quarter  lighting Lower  eyes  slightly Low-camera viewpoint Use frontlighting to keep eyes out of shadow Turn  head  toward  one  side  so  natural  perspective  eliminates  uneven appearance Use  makeup.  Use  frontlighting Turn head so bad eye is away from camera. Light side of face toward camera to place other eye in shadow 7-17