seating arrangement and the facilities for using aids might present a problem or might need greater attention in some circumstances. The outline in figure 6-2 will prove helpful in analyzing an audience. Sometimes the reason for an invitation to speak may not always be apparent on the surface. A commander of a  fleet  ballistic  missile  submarine  squadron,  who receives   an   invitation   to   speak   to   a   chamber   of commerce  on  future  ASW  applications,  should  not always jump to the conclusion that they are interested because the SUBRON itself is very shortly going to be homeported in their community. The audience may have read that this squadron of six or eight ships will soon be their neighbors, will be nuclear-powered, and will carry nuclear weapons. Their hidden motive for inviting him might conceivably be a fear of possible harm from the nuclear armament. On the other hand, a request for a speaker may reflect the audience’s desire to know the impact on the community of an incoming unit. The speech writer must know  this  and  adapt  his  speech  accordingly.  He  must supply the speaker with the necessary facts to answer the  questions  they  might  pose. SPEAKER ANALYSIS Previously,   we   have   been   concerned   with adjustments  to  the  audience,  the  situation  and  the occasion. As the speaker, it was necessary to analyze the audience  you  hoped  to  influence,  to  know  their  wants and to adapt your material to their needs. But now, as the speech writer for another speaker, you have an additional  adjustment  to  make–the  analysis  of  the speaker. To write a speech for another person, you must put yourself in his place, understand his aims and try to think the way he does. In a manner of speaking, the idea is to get inside the person and learn what makes him tick. If you succeed, your words will sound natural coming from the man who delivers them. Make certain the speech  reflects  the  speaker’s  personality. As a beginning, get to know the man. Where has he been? What has he done? Check the personal history file and you will find some answers. Read his previous speeches and the comments on them to get his ideas and his use of words. Listen to him talk and know how he expresses   himself.   Pick   up   his   pet   phrases   and anecdotes. Find out if there are some words or sounds he cannot pronounce easily. Develop a writing style and vocabulary suited to his speaking personality, verbal mannerisms  and  capability.  If  this  is  not  possible,  write the speech in a straight journalism style that will permit the  speaker  to  personalize  it  himself. PREPARATION STEPS Let us assume your office receives a request for the CO (or his representative) to speak to a civic group. What do you do to assure a successful talk and to make it worth the time of the audience and the skipper? You should  analyze,  recommend,  outline  and  polish  the speech. Analyze the Speech Initially you must analyze your audience, occasion and location and determine the purpose best served in the talk. Asking and seeking to answer the following types of questions will aid you in this process: 1. Is it merely to inform? 2. Is it to convince (or to actuate) the audience? 3.   Is   it   to   secure   their   goodwill   toward   the command and its activities? 4. Is any Navy topic acceptable, or do they want something   specific? 5. Is there anything that could offend them? 6.  Will  they  be  a  friendly  audience? Consider  the  speaker  and  his  relationship  to members of the group, his prestige within the group and his previous contacts with them. Consider the aspect of the subject that would best suit the above factors. Recommend the Speech Now go in to see your commander (or the speaker) to determine his wishes and ideas for the particular speech.  Be  prepared  to  recommend  a  limited  objective that most fits the requirements you determine from your analysis. If this objective is accepted, you should also prepare to discuss the tentative outline points to be covered. Be alert to references he makes to personal experiences, that may be used as examples. If your speaker proposes a different topic, jot down the tentative outline points as you discuss them and check them with him before you leave. This one step will save considerable rewriting time. Outline the Speech At this point, prepare a complete, detailed outline of the entire speech, citing types of example material for each point to be made. Plan the type of audiovisual aids to be used and indicate on the outline where they are to appear during 6-14