filter. Use a color temperature meter to determine the  exact  temperature. NOTE: Always make a color temperature meter reading when in doubt of what filter to use and make sure the reading comes from the light falling on the subject. If the subject is someone’s face, then take the reading within a foot or so of the subject’s face. This enables the color temperature meter to read, accurately, the light falling on the subject. Lighting for ENGs Using ENG lighting for every stand-up is a rule often made by news directors. It assures proper and similar  coloring  of  all  talking  head  skin  tones  seen  on the program and prevents the odd blue, green or red hued interviewee  from  appearing  in  reporter’s  stories.  This  is because all facial shots will be shot under a 3200°K tungsten halogen light source and will give the program a professional “downtown” look. This is not to say a naturally lighted interview or stand-up cannot be used, but such lighting should be used for an effect and not because the ENG team did not want to bother with lights. For most indoor shoots, there will be a ceiling or an overhead within eight to 10 feet. This allows you to bounce light off the ceiling onto your subject, which produces  a  softer,  more  natural  appearing  light.  It appears more natural because the human eye is used to having its light source come from above as it does in nature. If you cannot bounce the light, such as in a gymnasium or in a ship’s compartment with all sorts of light catching pipes and wires in the overhead, you can still avoid the “news light glare” by using a screen or a scrim (diffuser) on the light. Night ENG Lighting The first impulse of shooting at night is to overlight the subject. Keep in mind that the more you light the subject, the more the contrast produced between the subject  and  the  background.  If  you  are  shooting  a stand-up in front of an evening ship arrival, overlighting will make the stand-up look as if it were taking place in a  blacked  out  studio.  A  single  diffused  camera-mounted light is usually sufficient in such a situation. MICROPHONE  USAGE There  is  one  golden  rule  concerning  the  use  of microphones  in  broadcasting:  place  the  microphone where you will get good audio from the subject you are shooting.  That  seems  obvious,  but  the  experienced  news director knows how often the ENG team will comeback with muffled sound. Most often the cause of this is the sound  coming  from  a  camera-mounted  microphone when  a  lavaliere  microphone  clearly  should  have  been used. Or perhaps the lavaliere microphone was hidden so well the speaker’s voice could not penetrate the layers of clothing it was stuck to. Placing  the  Microphone Remembering what you just read in the preceding paragraph,   the   microphone   should   be   kept   from becoming too great a part of the video image in your stories. For the vast majority of ENG shoots, a lavaliere microphone  can  be  clipped  on  the  reporter  or  the interviewee  in such a way as to not distract the viewer’s attention. Usually interviewees are more than willing to slip the lavaliere up the front of their shirts and clip it on the neckline. When this is not possible, such as when shooting a busty woman in public, simply bring the microphone around to the front of the subject from their backside and clip it to a fold in the subject’s clothes. You might have to make a wrinkle to have a fold, such as in the case of someone wearing a crew neck T-shirt, but this is certainly preferable to using the audio from a camera  microphone.  Camera-mounted  microphones should be used for natural sound and not for picking up voices that will be used as sound bites. Also, be careful not to let clothing or chins slap against the microphone during the shoot. This will sound like thunder on the tape and ruin your efforts. Conferences and Panels As  a  Navy  news  supervisor,  you  will  undoubtedly be called on to cover news conferences and other news events  involving  more  than  one  speaker  at  a  time. Obviously,  if  a  panel  discussion  is  taking  place  within your  studio,  each  speaker  should  be  fitted  with  a lavaliere  or  a  wireless  microphone.  However,  on  ENG shoots where this is not possible, the following area few tips for you to ensure good quality audio: l l Know the distance from where your camera will be to the talking members of the conference and bring  along  enough  microphone  cord  to  go between your camera and the subjects. This is best  accomplished  by  visiting  the  sight  the  day before (if possible) or by arriving as early as possible. (Arriving early will also get you the best spot to shoot from.) Arriving early will also let you establish a rapport with the speaker or speakers. This might make 8-26