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Figure  2-6.Information  derived  from  a  characteristic  curve.
Functional Units of a Computer System

Photography (Advanced) - Advanced manual for photography and other graphic techniques
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CHAPTER  3 ELECTRONIC IMAGING With  the  evolution  of  electronic  imaging,  the technology   involved   today   in   the   creation, manipulation,  and  distribution  of  images  allows photographers to perform functions that they only dreamed of a decade ago. Procedures that once took hours or even days in the conventional darkroom can now  be  accomplished  within  minutes  under  normal room lights and without getting your hands wet. With the  electronic  medium,  images  may  be  created, modified, and enhanced, The end product is limited only by your imagination. Several distinct advantages of  electronic  imaging  as  compared  to  conventional photography are in use today. These advantages are as follows: It saves the time required in conventional development and printing. It  saves  money  by  eliminating  direct  and indirect   costs   related   to   developing   and printing photographs. It is environmentally friendly. It can be viewed immediately. Images  can  be  transmitted  instantly  and  rapidly using standard telephone lines. Electronic imaging used in the Navy today ranges from  capturing  and  processing  an  image  through  an electronic  medium  to  conventional  silver-halide technology and electronic processing by way of a hybrid system. Because of the dynamic advances in this growing field, this chapter is intended only as a brief overview  of  the  basic  principles  and  applications  of electronic imaging. To be prepared for this fascinating technology, you must become familiar with computer systems,  electronic  imaging,  and  the  equipment  used  to create digital images. BASIC COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS Computers  are  often  compared  to  people  since  both have the ability to accept information, work with it, store  it,  retrieve  it,  and  provide  information  output.  The primary difference is that people have the ability to perform all of these actions independently without outside assistance. People also think and control their own  actions.  The  computer,  however,  requires  a program (a predefmed set of instructions) to accomplish an assigned task. People receive information in several different forms, such as eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and even sensory nerves. Our brain receives and accepts this information, works with it in some manner, and then stores it somewhere in the back of our mind (memory) for future use. If information at the time requires immediate attention, our mind directs us to respond with  words  or  actions.  Likewise,  the  brain  of  a computer  is  the  central  processing  unit  (CPU).  The CPU is designed to do basically the same thing; that is, it receives information (input data), works with this information  (processes  data),  and  transmits  this information (output data) to some form of output media. Computers  are  incapable  of  independent  thought  or action; they can do nothing more than perform the instructions given to them. Computers simply follow a set of instructions stored internally (called a program) and process the input data. Then when all the steps are followed properly, the computer provides an end result that you can work with. The computers used in electronic imaging are general-purpose    digital    computers.    These general-purpose computers are capable of performing operations,   such   as   word   processing,   graphic applications, and spread sheet because they can store a wide variety of programs in internal storage. COMPONENTS OF A DIGITAL COMPUTER Components, or tools, of a computer system are grouped  into  two  categories:  HARDWARE  and SOFTWARE. Hardware consists of the machines that comprise a computer system, such as all the mechanical, 3-1







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