Chapter 1 Theory of Light and Optical PrincipleCharacteristics of LightColor Temperature - 14209_17Color RelationshipsAbsorptionDispersionDaylightArtificial LightTungsten-Halogen LampsFigure 1-14.-The position of the discharge tube in relation to the reflectorPrinciple of a LensFigure 1-16.Formation of an image by a lensCharacteristics of LensesFigure 1-19 Image Size and Coverage as Compared to the Lens Focal LengthFocal Length and Image SizeFigure 1-20 Subject Coverage Compared to the Lens Focal LengthLens DiaphragmHow to Use LensesFigure 1-23.Equal f/stops produce equal intensitiesTable 1-1.Comparison of f/stops with Amount of Light to Exposure TimeTable 1-2.Amount of light, f/stop, and Exposure Time Relationshipf/stops FunctionsCircle of ConfusionFigure 1-28 Depth of FieldHyperfocal DistanceConjugate FociFigure 1-31 Conjugate DistancesImage/Object RelationshipFigure 1-32 Proportional IFGAUsing Various LensesFigure 1-33 Comparison of Angle of View on Camera LensesWide-Angle LensesTable 1-4 Choosing Lenses to Match Angle of ViewUltra-Wide-Angle LensesFigure 1-36.Reflecting telephoto lensFigure 1-37.Out-of-focus highlights caused by a mirror lensFigure 1-38.Variable focal-length (zoom) lensChapter 2 Light-Sensitive MaterialFigure 2-1.IS0 of filmContrast Emulsion DefinitionConstruction of Black-and-White FilmColor Negative FilmInstant Picture FilmSheet FilmBlack-and-White Printing PaperColor Printing PapersFilm and Paper Expiration DatesChapter 3 Photographic FilterFilters for Black-and-White PhotographyTable 3-1.Parallel Filter BarsTable 3-2.Recommended Filters for Use with Black-and-White Panchromatic Film in DaylightTable 3-3.Light Balancing filtersTable 3-4.Filters and Exposure Increase for Making Color Pictures by Fluorescent LightNeutral Density FiltersPolarizing FiltersSkylight FiltersDarkroom FiltersFilters for Color PrintingDichroic FiltersChapter 4 Still Cameras and ControlsCamera TypesSmall-Format CamerasMedium-Format CamerasCamera ControlsFocusing SystemsDirect-Vision Range Finder FocusingFigure 4-10.Direct-vision range finder focusingSelective FocusApertureTable 4-1.How to Control Depth of FieldImage SharpnessFocal-Plane ShutterSelecting the Shutter SpeedFigure 4-17.Panning with a moving objectCombining Aperture and Shutter SpeedExposure ControlFactors that Affect ExposureFigure 4-18.Lighting directionsReflection Propertiesf/16 RuleReflected-Light MethodReflected Light Meter Reading VariationsBrightness Range MethodCauses of False Light Meter ReadingsToo Little LightView CameraFigure 4-24.Uncorrected and corrected vertical distortionView Camera OperationElectronic CamerasFigure 4-31.Image captured and transmitted using the Kodak DCS Digital CameraChapter 5 Basic Photographic TechniquesFigure 5-1.Handholding the cameraCamera SupportsFigure 5-2.Tripods.Figure 5-3.Using a foot strap to make a tripod more rigidCenter of InterestSubject PlacementViewpoint and Camera AngleSymmetrical, or Formal, BalanceFigure 5-8.High viewpoint and high camera angleFigure 5-9A.Symmetrical, or formal, balanceAsymmetrical, or Informal, BalanceShapes and LinesFigure 5-12.Leading linesFigure 5-13.Diagonal lines convey a feeling of dynamic actionPattern and VolumeFigure 5-15.Shapes used in compositionLightingColor ContrastFraming - 14209_128Figure 5-18.High-key sceneFigure 5-20.Blurred background creates subject separationRectilinear PerspectiveHeight PerspectiveDwindling Size PerspectiveAtmospheric PerspectivePhotographic Lighting - 14209_135Existing Light - 14209_136Fluorescent LightingPictures Outdoors at NightAutomatic Electronic Flash UnitsSingle FlashFigure 5-27.Effects of direct, diffused and bounce flashOff Camera FlashSynchro-SunlightOpen FlashSummary - 14209_145Chapter 6 Photographic AssignmentsEquipment SecurityFraming People in their EnvironmentPeople WorkingFigure 6-1A.LT(jg) Robin T. Russler stands watch on the flag bridge of the USS TripoliGroup PicturesFigure 6-2.Boat crews aboard the USS Theodore Roosevelt pose with their motor launchesFigure 6-3.Arrange long rows in a semicircle.Figure 6-4.Formal group photoFigure 6-5.Damage control trainee struggles to repair a ruptured pipePeople in ActionFigure 6-6.Award presented by the former Secretary of Defense Frank C. CarlucciExplain the ActionBackground Information - 14209_160Investigation PhotographyFire and Arson PhotographyFigure 6-7.A close-up damage to the USS Stark after it was struck by Iraqi-launched Exocet missileAircraft Accident Investigation PhotographyProcedures at the Scene of the AccidentFigure 6-10.USS White Plains is blown hard aground at Polaris Point, Apra Harbor, GuamProduct PhotographyEquipmentLighting Basic ShapesDiffused LightLighting Spherical ShapesCreating the LightingProduct Photography TechniquesDulling ReflectionsUsing a MirrorPhotographing GlassFigure 6-15.A typical setup for lighting glasswareBlocking Out a BackgroundCorrective PhotographyArchitectural PhotographyFigure 6-20A.Construction in progressInspection and Survey PhotographyIndustrial PhotographyPhotographing Large Machines and EquipmentFigure 6-22 Interior View Showing Machinery InstallationFigure 6-23.Catapult retraction systemIntelligence PhotographyShipsFigure 6-25.The Soviet cargo ship Nbah Pycakob in the port of Conakry, GuineaSummary - 14209_190Chapter 7 PortraitureStudio EquipmentLights and AccessoriesFilm for PortraitsCamera HeightPosingPortrait Composition and Subject PlacementFigure 7-5.Subject placed too low in the photographFundamental Portrait LightingMain Light DistanceMain Light DirectionLighting RatioSide LightingRim LightingFull-Length PhotographsPose and CompositionCorrective TechniquesTable 7-1.Corrective TreatmentsContinuedPassport PhotographsPersonnel Identification PhotographyChapter 8 CopyingCopyright - 14209_212How Long Copyright Protection LastsWorks of the United States GovernmentDefinitionsPaper Money, Checks, and BondsCameras for Copying Large OriginalsLenses for CopyingLighting EquipmentQuartz-Iodine LampsBlack-and-White Line OriginalsCombined Black-and-White Line and Continuous-Tone OriginalsSpecial Applications in CopyingLighting the OriginalKelvin Temperature of IlluminationDetermining Exposure - 14209_226Processing Copy FilmsDuplicating 35mm Color SlidesExamining ResultsSummary - 14209_230Chapter 9 Chemical MixingMixing, Testing, and Storing EquipmentHydrometerspH MetersMixersImpeller MixersChemical Mixing RulesContainersPreparation of Photographic SolutionsChemical SafetyMaterial Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)Summary - 14209_242Chapter 10 Image Processing and ControlPreservativeGeneral Purpose DevelopersChanges in Developer with useWater Rinse BathTime Required for FixingLife of a Fixing BathRate of Water ChangeFilm Processing EquipmentSafelightsSheet Film HangersRoll Film Tanks and ReelsFigure 10-5.Film developing tanksTimersProcessing MethodsTray ProcessingCautionTank Developing Sheet FilmFigure 10-12.Loading a sheet film holderFigure 10-13.Sheet film tank processing agitationTank Developing Roll Film - 14209_263Figure 10-16.Leading 35mm film on wire reelFigure 10-17.Loading 120 film on reelFigure 10-18.Arrangement of materials for processing filmReversal ProcessingColor Negative ProcessingColor Reversal Film ProcessingRotary Drum ProcessorTransport SpeedSolution TemperatureQuality ProcessingTonal GradationFigure 10-23.Exposure and processing affectsTable 10-1.Negative Defects: Their Appearance, Cause, and RemedyTable 10-1.Negative Defects: Their Appearance, Cause, and Remedy-ContinuedTable 10-1.Negative Defects Their Appearance, Cause, and Remedy-ContiuuedTable 10-1.Negative Defects Their Appearance, Cause, and RemedyContinuedProcess MonitoringSensitometry - 14209_281Control StripsDensitometryFigure 10-28.Process control chartChapter 11 Black and White PrintingContact Printing - 14209_286Contact PrinterContact Printing Procedure - 14209_288Test PrintExposing and Processing PrintsGroup Print DevelopmentProjection Printing - 14209_292EnlargersCondenser EnlargersCondenser-Diffusion EnlargersEnlarger and Easel AdjustmentsTable 11-2.Multigrade Filter Selection GuideFigure 11-10.Comparison of a number 0, 2, and 5 contrast printing filterComposition and CroppingFigure 11-12.Cropping arms can be used to determine croppingLocal Print ControlFigure 11-15.Vignetted head-and-shoulders portraitFigure 11-16.Head-and-shoulders portrait using diffusing techniquesMinimizing GraininessProcessing DefectsTable 11-3.Print DefectsContinuedChapter 12 Color PrintingAdditive PrimariesColor StarColor Temperature - 14209_310Printing Color NegativesMaking Color PrintsFigure 12-4.Ring aroundColor Printing Viewing FiltersTable 12-2.Exposure Factors for Kodak CC and CP FiltersColor Proof SheetsTrial and Error PrintingFigure 12-5.On-easel color analyzerOn-Easel AnalyzersMaking Transparencies from Color NegativesAutomated PrintersFigure 12-7B.Top view of Pako BC 24 roll paper printerFigure 12-9.Keyboard of a Noritsu Model 1001 print processorChapter 13 Motion MediaFiltersExposure Calculation and ControlKey TermsVideotape RecordersTape Format SystemFigure 13-4.Video scanning.Hi8 Track SystemCamcordersWhite BalanceTripodsMaking PansSecondary MovementFigure 13-9.TV framingArea of Talent Included - 14209_339Extreme Closeup ShotsScreen DirectionFigure 13-12.Showing change of screen directionStatic Screen DirectionCut-In and Cutaway ShotsUncontrolled ActionRecording GraphicsIdentifying Recorded Image ContentSlatingVisual Information Caption SheetsVideotape CareFigure 13-18B.Visual information caption sheet (back).Summary - 14209_352Chapter 14 Job Control and Photographic FinishingRestricted DataClassification Markings on Imaging ProductsSecurity AreasSafekeeping and Storage of Classified MaterialReciept System for Classified MaterialVisitor ControlVisual Information Job-Order FormFigure 14-2B.OPNA V 5290/1 (Back)Photographic FinishingStill PhotographyPrint MountingSlide MountingAppendix I Glossary - 14209_367Appendix I Glossary - 14209_368Appendix I Glossary - 14209_369Appendix I Glossary - 14209_370Appendix I Glossary - 14209_371Appendix I Glossary - 14209_372Appendix I Glossary - 14209_373Appendix I Glossary - 14209_374Appendix I Glossary - 14209_375Appendix I Glossary - 14209_376Appendix I Glossary - 14209_377Appendix I Glossary - 14209_378Appendix I Glossary - 14209_379Appendix I Glossary - 14209_380Appendix I Glossary - 14209_381Appendix II Formulas - 14209_383Appendix II Formulas - 14209_384Appendix III References - 14209_385Appendix III References - 14209_386Appendix III References - 14209_387Index - 14209_389Index - 14209_390Index - 14209_391Index - 14209_392Index - 14209_393Index - 14209_394Index - 14209_395Index - 14209_396Index - 14209_397Index - 14209_398Assignment Questions - 14209_399Assignment Questions - 14209_401Assignment Questions - 14209_402Assignment Questions - 14209_403Assignment Questions - 14209_404Assignment Questions - 14209_405Assignment Questions - 14209_406Assignment Questions - 14209_407Assignment Questions - 14209_408Assignment Questions - 14209_409Assignment Questions - 14209_410Assignment Questions - 14209_411Assignment Questions - 14209_412Assignment Questions - 14209_413Assignment Questions - 14209_414Assignment Questions - 14209_415Assignment Questions - 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