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Too Little Light
Figure 4-24.Uncorrected and corrected vertical distortion

Photography (Basic) - Introduction to photography and other graphic techniques
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camera. This can also occur when you attempt to override an automatic camera. Using a camera with TTL metering and placing a color filter with a high-filter factor over the lens. Wrong aperture setting when flash is used. Shutter  speed  is  not  synchronized  with  camera flash. Aperture or shutter speed setting is knocked while carrying the camera. Always check the camera setting before taking a photograph. Weak  or  incorrect  battery  in  the  light  meter. VIEW CAMERA The view camera (fig. 4-20) is a flexible and useful camera that, due to laziness, is frequently overlooked by Navy imaging personnel. Through the use of rising or falling  fronts,  swings,  tilts,  and  shifts,  you  have complete control over the composition of the subject. View   cameras   are   excellent   for   photographing construction, large groups of people, landscapes, small parts,  damaged  material,  buildings,  and  many  other subjects,  because  distortion  can  be  controlled  or corrected  The  camera  has  bellows  that  may  be  extended to make it suitable for copy work and photographing small objects. Most view cameras used in the Navy use 4x5 sheet film. View cameras are not suitable for sports or  uncontrolled  action  situations  where  a  hand-held camera  is  needed. View cameras do not have viewfinders or range finders. Viewing and focusing is done on ground glass. The ground glass is located exactly the same distance from the lens as the film; therefore, the image viewed on the ground glass is the same that is recorded on the film. View cameras have interchangeable lenses and between-the-lens leaf shutters. BASIC CONTROLS AND FUNCTIONS All  view  cameras  are  basically  the  same.  Generally, all view cameras have the following standard parts: Monorail or bed. Serves as the base or support to hold  all  the  other  components. Front lens standard. Permits the lens to be locked into any position on the monorail. The front lens standard also permits the lens to swing, slide, tilt, rise, and fall. Rear standard. The rear standard holds the film holder and has swing, tilt, and slide controls. Figure 4-21–Swing movement of front and rear standards. Figure 4-22.–Correction for horizontal distortion. Bellows. Connects the front and rear standards and allows the two standards to move for focusing or to accommodate  various  focal-length  lenses. Tripod  head.  Holds  the  monorail  to  the  tripod. L e n s . Ground glass. Used for focusing, viewing, and composing  the  image. There  are  four  basic  movements  or  adjustments used on a view camera. These basic movements perform specific functions. The four basic movements are as follows: 1.  Horizontal or lateral swing. Both the front and rear standards swing horizontally (fig. 4-21). The  swing  back  is  used  to  correct  distortion,  or perspective, in the horizontal plane. When you are photographing subjects from an angle, horizontal lines appear to converge at the distant side. To correct this distortion, swing the camera back so it is more parallel to the horizontal plane of the subject (fig. 4-22). 4-27







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