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Filters for Black-and-White Photography
Table 3-2.Recommended Filters for Use with Black-and-White Panchromatic Film in Daylight

Photography (Basic) - Introduction to photography and other graphic techniques
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Table 3-1.–Parallel Filter Bars Filter  Color  and  No. Filter Color and No. Deep Red 29 Bluish  Green 65 Red 25 Bluish  Green 65 Light  Red 23A Cyan 4 Orange 21 Cyan 44 Deep  Yellow 15 Blue 47 Yellow 8 Deep  Blue 47B Yellowish  Green 11 Violet 34A Yellowish  Green 13 Violet 34A Green 58 Magenta 33 Green 61 Magenta 33 Use the parallel filter bars to choose contrast filters for black-and-white photography. Adjacent filters lighten  colors  next  to  them.  Opposite  filters  darken colors in the print; for example, a yellowish green No. 11 filter lightens subjects that are yellowish green or yellow and darkens subjects that are violet. A No. 44 cyan filter lightens blue and blue-green and darkens light red and orange. Correction   Filters Although  panchromatic  film  responds  to  all  the colors the eye can see, it does not reproduce tones of red, green, and blue objects in the same relative values as the eye sees them. The human eye is much more sensitive to green than it is to blue and red, and these colors look darker to the eye than green (fig. 3-2). Panchromatic film is more sensitive to blue and violet and looks lighter than  green  in  a  black-and-white  print.  This  high sensitivity  to  blue  and  violet  causes  an  overexposure  to the film of blue objects as compared to green objects. This overexposure causes a dense negative image that Figure 3-2.–Color sensitivity of the average human eye. results in a light print image (fig. 3-3). A No. 8 yellow filter with panchromatic film helps to reproduce colors of a daylight scene with the same brightness relationship as seen by the human eye. When  using  tungsten  lighting,  you  can  use  a yellowish green No. 11 filter to reproduce the natural brightness  relationship  with  panchromatic  film.  The yellow in the filter absorbs the ultraviolet radiation and some of the blue light, while the green in the filter absorbs some of the red light. Figure 3-3.–Color sensitivity of panchromatic film. 3-3







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