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Extreme  Closeup  Shots
Figure 13-12.Showing change of screen direction

Photography (Basic) - Introduction to photography and other graphic techniques
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analyze “Hollywood” movies. The next time you see a Hollywood  production,  notice  how  the  action  flows smoothly from shot to shot and from scene to scene. Try to  visualize  the  techniques  and  camera  angles  that  were used. Then, on your next assignment, plan them first, then use some of these professional techniques to achieve  good  continuity. The first step toward good continuity in your films is the planning beforehand. You should plan your continuity and put your ideas on paper. Do not get the idea that all your shots have to follow a written script. News  events,  and  other  uncontrolled  action,  are  usually shot without a script; nevertheless, you should be able to anticipate action and prepare a mental script. The information you must know before starting to shoot is what scenes and actions are needed to satisfy the requestor. SCREEN DIRECTION In motion-media photography, the direction a person or object either looks or moves can cause continuity problems. The direction a person or object looks or moves is called screen direction. When a look or move in a particular direction is unaccountably changed  from  one  shot  or  scene  to  another,  the continuity of the film is disrupted. Any change in screen direction must be explained or the subject may suddenly change  screen  direction  and  appear  to  be  going  the wrong way. How the camera “sees” the action-not how the action actually appears-is important. In other words, the audience judges the action by its screen appearance, not by  the  way  it  actually  appeared  during  filming. There are four types of screen direction. They are as follows: neutral, constant, contrasting, and static. Neutral  Screen  Direction Neutral screen direction movement shows subjects moving toward or away from the camera. Because neutral screen direction movement is nondirectional, it may be used or intercut with scenes that show movement in either right or left directions. The following are neutral  screen  direction  movements. Head-on and tail-away shots show the subject moving directly toward or away from the camera. For an absolutely neutral shot, only the front or back of the subject should be shown. When one side of the subject is shown, the shot will show some direction and not be absolutely neutral. Entrance and exit shots also show direction  and  therefore  are  not  neutral. Figure 13-11.–Showing a change in screen direction. A shot can start as a neutral shot and transition into a directional shot, or vice versa; for example, start with a head-on shot of a car and continue filming as the car turns to the right and exits the frame, or start with a direction showing a shot of the car entering the frame from the left, and continue filming as the car turns left to a tail-away neutral shot (fig. 13-11). These types of 13-17







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