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Image  Sharpness
Selecting the Shutter Speed

Photography (Basic) - Introduction to photography and other graphic techniques
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Figure 4-15.–Leaf shutter operation. Leaf  shutters  have  an  important  advantage  over focal-plane  shutters.  Leaf  shutters  can  be  used  with electronic flash at all shutter speeds. This is not true with focal-plane  shutters.  Focal-plane  shutters  can  only  be used at slow shutter speeds, usually at 1/125 second and below. Focal-Plane Shutter A focal-plane shutter is essentially two lightproof cloths or thin metal curtains that move across the film aperture in the same direction. This type of shutter is housed  entirely  within  the  camera  body  and  is  mounted on two rollers, one on each side of the film aperture Figure  4-16.–Focal-plane  shutter. (fig. 4-16). As the curtain is moved from one roller to the other by spring tension, the second curtain follows, forming an opening that permits light to pass from the lens to the film. After the opening has passed, the second curtain stops and prevents additional light from reaching the film. In the design of focal-plane shutters, the curtains form a slit that travels across the film aperture to expose the film. When a slow shutter speed is set, the second curtain waits a relatively long time before it follows the first curtain; in this case, the slit is quite wide. When a fast shutter speed is set, the second curtain quickly follows the first and only a narrow slit is formed. Shutter Speed A  range  of  shutter  speeds  is  available  on professional cameras. Common shutter settings are as follows: T, B, 1 second, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/15, 1/30, 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500, 1/1000, and 1/2000 second. The fastest between-the-lens (leaf) shutter speed is 1/500 second.  Some  focal-plane  shutters  can  be  as  fast  as 1/12000  second.  In  addition  to  a  given  set  range  of speeds, most shutters are made so they can be opened for an indefinite period of time. At the setting marked "T" (time), the shutter opens the first time the shutter release button is depressed and remains open until the shutter release button is depressed again. At the setting marked “B” (bulb), the shutter remains open as long as the shutter release button is depressed, but closes as soon as it is released. The interval that you want the shutter to remain open is selected by moving a lever or shutter speed dial to that particular  setting  on  the  shutter  speed  scale.  Unlike f/stops, the shutter speed you select must align exactly with the index mark You cannot select a shutter speed in  between  two  indicated  shutter  speeds.  On  the  shutter 4-13







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