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Appendix I Glossary - 14209_380
Appendix II Formulas - 14209_383

Photography (Basic) - Introduction to photography and other graphic techniques
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TRANSILLUMINATE –To  illuminate  through  a  docu- ment, from the side opposite the camera. UNDERDEVELOPMENT –Insufficient development; due to developing for too short a time, use of a weakened developer or, occasionally, too low a temperature. UNDEREXPOSURE–Insufficient   exposure   of   a photographic  material,  causing  thin  or  weak  images and a corresponding loss of detail. (PIA) VANISHING POINT–In a perspective view, the point where  parallel  lines  receding  from  the  observer seem  to  come  together. VELOCITY  OF  LIGHT–Term applied to the speed of light waves in a vacuum (Co); 229,792.5 kilometers per  second,  or  approximately  186,000  miles  per second. In all other media, light travels at a slower rate. VIDEO  CASSETTE–A plastic container in which a videotape moves from a supply reel to a take-up reel. Used in all but the 1-inch VTRs. VISIBLE  SPECTRUM–The     portion     of     the electromagnetic  spectrum  to  which  the  retina  is sensitive  and  by  which  we  see.  Extends  from  about 400 to 750 millimicrons in wavelengths of radiation. VTR–Videotape  recorder  or  recording.  Includes  video cassette   recorders. WASHING–Act of removing soluble chemicals from photographic layers through the agency of water, especially  the  removal  of  fixation  products  and hypo  in  order  to  avoid  subsequent  fading  or discoloration  of  the  silver  image. WATER  SPOTS–Deformation of photographic gelatin layers on a film or plate due to differential drying when water drops stand on the surface and keep the gelatin wet and swollen after the surrounding gelatin has become dried and compressed. The spots have a characteristic appearance when a negative on which they occur is printed. Viscose sponges and wetting solutions (detergents) are commonly used to avoid such defects. (PIA) WAVELENGTH–Length of a wave measured from any point on one wave to the corresponding point on the next wave; usually measured from crest to crest. Wavelength determines whether radiant energy is classed as gamma rays, X rays, or ultraviolet, visible,   infrared   radiant   energy,   or   radio. Wavelength of visible radiant energy is the chief determinant  of  its  perceived  color. WETTING AGENT–A chemical added to water to reduce surface tension, thereby improving wetting characteristics  and  reducing  the  formation  of  water drops. (NMA) Y/C–The separate processing of the luminance (Y) and chrominance  (C)  signals. AI-15







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