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Figure 3-16.Color correction tool used in PhotoStyler
Figure 4-1.Vertical photograph.

Photography (Advanced) - Advanced manual for photography and other graphic techniques
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CHAPTER  4 AERIAL  PHOTOGRAPHY With  the  development  of  sophisticated  airborne photographic  systems,  most  aerial  photographs  today are  made  by  photo-configured  aircraft,  such  as  the  F-14 Tomcat with the Tactical Air Reconnaissance Pod System (TARPS). The role of the Photographer’s Mate in aerial photography evolves less flying as a crew member   and   increased   responsibilities   in   a ground-support function. Even with this changing role, you may be called upon from time to time to make hand-held   vertical   photographs   and   oblique photographs from airplanes and helicopters. This aerial photography  could  include  such  assignments  as gunnery  exercises,  refueling  at  sea,  publicity  photo- graphy,  construction  progress,  accident  investigation, ship  identification,  display  pictures,  mapping,  aerial motion-media work, and so on. As a knowledgeable PH  you  may  also  have  to  train  non-photographic personnel   in   the   operation   of   cameras   and picture-making  techniques  for  antisubmarine  warfare and maritime surveillance photography. Aerial photographs are taken from a variety of altitudes. The altitude ranges are defined as follows: Low altitude: 0 to 1,500 feet Medium altitude: 1,500 to 10,000 feet High altitude: 10,000 feet and above As  a  Photographer’s  Mate,  your  aerial  photographic assignments are normally accomplished from low to medium altitudes. CATEGORIES OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY Three basic categories of aerial photography are in use today: vertical, oblique, and air-to-air. The vertical and oblique categories are broken down further into types of aerial photography. The three basic categories are discussed first. VERTICAL PHOTOGRAPHY Vertical  aerial  photography  is  accomplished  with the camera held or suspended in the aircraft, so it points directly downward with the optical axis of the lens perpendicular to the ground (fig. 4-1). At the moment of exposure, when the camera is level and the film is parallel to the ground, the result is a photograph, for all practical purposes, with a uniform scale. However, if the aircraft is climbing, diving, banking, or the camera is tilted for any other reason at the moment of exposure, the resulting photography does not have a uniform scale.   It   is   always   important   in   vertical   aerial photography to hold the camera in a true vertical position.  The  angle  between  the  camera  axis  (or  optical axis) and the true vertical position is called the TILT ANGLE;  straight  down,  perpendicular  to  the  ground,  is 0 degrees, and straight out, parallel to the ground, is 90 degrees (fig. 4-2). The purpose of vertical aerial photography is to show details clearly of ground objects at  a  uniformly  accurate  scale.  In  peacetime,  these  aerial photographs  are  valuable  for  mapping  and  for  planning locations  of  buildings,  streets,  runways,  docks,  and other similar projects. During wartime, vertical aerial photography  is  valuable  for  a  variety  of  military purposes,  such  as  determining  enemy  location,  strength, and  capability. The entire view of a vertical image is not perfectly vertical because only the very center of the image area is taken straight down. A building in the center of a vertical image shows only the roof, but a building near the edge shows part of the sides in addition to the roof. Although this slight change in the viewing angle from center to edge of the image is undesirable when you try to match prints for laying strips or mosaics, it does provide the necessary differences in photos for stereo viewing. Most  vertical  aerial  photography  is  performed  with photo-configured aircraft. It is possible, however, to make hand-held vertical photographs from planes and helicopters. OBLIQUE  PHOTOGRAPHY An oblique aerial photograph is made with the camera directed out and down at an angle from the aircraft (not straight out and not straight down). For accuracy, the amount of the oblique angle is stated in degrees. The angle between the camera axis (or optical 4-1







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