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Preparing Television Visuals
Polar Patterns

Journalist 3 & 2 - Introduction to Journalism and other reporting practices
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Figure 14-18.—Unbalanced (left) and balanced station identification visual. television set and must be used according to its gray scale value. The best way to test colors is to check them with a color  television  camera  and  monitor.  You  will  find  that brown,  purple,  dark  blue  and  black  appear  black  on  a monochrome  television;  red,  medium  blue  and  medium green  appear  dark  gray;  light  blue,  chartreuse,  gold  and orange appear light gray; and pastels, bright yellow, light gray and tan appear almost white. Even  a  color  television  system  acts  as  a  filter  —  it only sees a portion of the hue (color) and saturation (color strength) that the human eye can see. Most color cameras have  trouble  with  the  colors  red  and  orange.  Saturated colors cause excessive video noise or color stretching over the entire screen. Stripes or color banding also may show up  as  color  vibrations,  thus  disrupting  the  picture.  Stay with basic, solid colors — primarily blues and greens — and avoid supersaturated reds and oranges. Studies  have  revealed  that  color  may  influence  our judgments   of   size,   weight   and   temperature,   and   even affect our psychological state of mind. Colors are viewed as   “high   energy”   or   “low   energy.”   Cool   colors   are considered  low  energy;  warm  colors  are  termed  “high energy.” Make sure you avoid using two colors that have the same value on the gray scale. BALANCE AND COMPOSITION Balance  and  composition  are  also  important  factors when you design television visuals. For full screen visuals, make   sure   the   design   is   balanced   and   aesthetically pleasing  to  the  viewer.  Try  to  visualize  the  final,  on-air picture before you use it in  a  production.  An  example  is the station identification visual shown in figure 14-18. LETTERING Letters too small or too thin will not be seen by the viewer.  A  general  rule  of  thumb  is  not  to  use  letters smaller than 15 to 20 percent of the essential area. If the visual  is  too  busy  or  includes  too  much  material,  it  will probably distract your audience. Five or six lines of 15 to 20 characters is considered the most a viewer can handle at onetime. TELEVISION MICROPHONES LEARNING 0BJECTIVE: Recognize the types of microphones used in television productions. Sound     plays     a     vital     role     in     the     television communication    process.    Most    human    intelligence    is transmitted through sound; therefore, good  quality  sound is an important part of television. However, good quality sound is rather difficult to achieve at times because sound sources may be in motion, talent may speak to the camera and   not   into   the   microphone   and   microphones   must sometimes  be  hidden  from  the  view  of  the  camera.  To help solve these audio problems, you should have a basic understanding of television microphones. Microphones  are  usually  classified  according  to  the way they pick up sound, also known as their polar pattern. Sound in physical terms is the vibration of air particles or small  fluctuations  of  air  pressure  that  spread  like  waves from  a  source  of  sound.  Human   ears   respond  to  this change  in  pressure  within  a  sound  field.  Similar  to  a human  ear,  microphones  respond  to  the  change  in  air pressure    created    by    sound    waves    and    convert    the fluctuations of pressure into electrical current. 14-19







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