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Informal
Tank Developing Roll Film - 14130_217

Journalist 3 & 2 - Introduction to Journalism and other reporting practices
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possible   composition.   Regardless   of   the   number   of people  in  a  group,  they  should  be  situated  to  fill  the picture  and  provide  the  largest  possible  image  size  of each person. One exception to this general rule is when the importance of the background is equal to or greater than the group itself. This often occurs with an informal group when the picture is actually intended to emphasize some  object  or  piece  of  equipment,  rather  than  the individuals. In this case, locate the camera for the best composition of the Object; then arrange the people in the picture to enhance the story being told. As with individual pictures, you must stay in charge. If  you  relinquish  control,  you  will  have  a  hard  time getting everyone to look at the camera at the same time. Talk to the group and give them your instructions. Make sure your equipment is ready so you do not waste time and lose the group’s attention. DARKROOM  TECHNIQUES LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Recognize the basic techniques   used   in   a   darkroon   in   terms   of using solutions and equipment. After  apiece  of  photographic  film  or  paper  has  been exposed to light, it is necessary to process the image and change it from a latent to a visible and permanent image. The process is chemical, and although you do not need to  understand  why  the  chemicals  act  as  they  do,  it  is important to know which chemicals/solutions are used, the  order  in  which  they  are  used,  the  recommended temperature and the required time. “Photographic  processing”  can  be  defined  simply as  a  series  of  chemical  changes  that  accomplish  the following goals: l l l l l Develop the image Stop the action of development at a desired point Fix the visible image to make it permanent Wash away all traces of chemicals used Dry the photographic material PHOTOGRAPHIC   SOLUTIONS In the most basic processing, only two solutions are required:  a  developer  and  a  fixer,  plus  water  for washing.   Additional   solutions   can   be   used   as   film military imaging facilities, craft shops and even home labs are as follows: l  Developer l  Stop  bath l  Fixer .  Wash l  Wetting  agent Developer When a photographic emulsion is exposed to light, the silver halides (usually silver bromide and/or silver chloride) in the emulsion change chemically. However, no  noticeable  change  can  be  seen  until  the  film  is developed.  The  developer  causes  the  affected  silver halides to change into metallic silver while having no effect on the unexposed silver halides. The result is that a subject area reflecting the most light will affect the most silver halides and will be the darkest part of the image formed in development. That which is light in the subject is dark in the processed image and inversely, that which is dark in the subject is light in the image. There  are  many  types  and  brands  of  film  and developer that all do the job they are designed to do. Reading and following the manufacturer’s directions is the   soundest   advice   that   can   be   given.   If   the manufacturer states that a developer is for general use with film, do not expect good results trying to use it to develop prints. If the manufacturer states that the proper time to develop a certain film is 10 minutes at 70 degrees Fahrenheit  (F),  do  not  expect  good  results  at  five minutes or at 50 degrees F. If the manufacturer advises thoroughly dissolving Part “A” before adding Part “B,” mix the developer that way or be prepared to get inferior results. Stop Bath It  has  become  common  practice  to  rinse  film  in running water after development to retard development and to remove excess chemicals. With prints, it is equally common to use an acid bath to stop the action of the developer and prolong the life of the fixer. In either case, the bath is referred to as a stop bath. Acetic acid diluted with water is the most commonly used stop bath. Fixer The fixer is sometimes called “hype” because the conditioners to shorten processing time or to preserve other   solutions.   The   solutions   commonly   found   in main ingredient of the fixer formula, sodium thiosulfate, is also known as hyposulfate. 11-28







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