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Journalist 3 & 2 - Introduction to Journalism and other reporting practices
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CHAPTER 8 PRINTING,  LAYOUT  AND  MAKEUP Despite the popularity of radio and television, the Navy   and   the   public-at-large   are   very   much print-oriented. All large ships and stations and many of the  smaller  Navy  commands  publish  newspapers  or magazines   regularly.   Consequently,   as   a   Navy journalist, you can expect to be tasked with editing or assisting in the production of such a publication. Should you somehow miss out on this challenging opportunity,   a   number   of   other   items   requiring   an editor’s skills and knowledge will likely surface on your desk  some  morning.  Among  these  highly  probable assignments   are   familygrams,   change   of   command programs, public visitation brochures and cruisebooks. Therefore,  the  information  in  this  chapter,  while directed primarily to potential newspaper editors, also is intended to acquaint you with the fundamentals and terminology of printing and the mechanics of laying out and making up copy for the publisher. Tips on designing Navy   newspapers   for   a   contemporary   audience   are included in this section, as well. OFFSET  LITHOGRAPHY LEARNING   OBJECTIVE:  Recognize   the principle   of   offset   lithography,   its   paste-up process,   and   the   types   of   artwork   used   in photo-offset  printing. Offset lithography is the most preferred method of printing in both the civilian and military communities. Today, more than 90 percent of the nation’s newspapers and   closer   to   95   percent   of   the   larger   service publications are products of offset presses. Based on the principle that oil and water do not mix, offset lithography uses a flat-surface plate in its printing process.   In   offset   printing,   the   plates   are   prepared through a technical photochemical process that leaves the nonprinting areas of the plate receptive to water. On an offset press, two sets of rollers pass over the plate cylinder. One spreads water over the plate. Only those parts representing white space remain damp. The second roller spreads ink that only sticks to the parts of the plate that are dry. The plate then passes against a rubber-covered   “blanket”   cylinder   that   accepts   the Figure  8-1.—The  process  of  offset  lithography. inked   image.   The   blanket   cylinder   “offsets,”   or transposes,  the  image  to  the  paper  which  is  carried through the press and pressed against the blanket by an impression cylinder. This process is shown in figure 8-1. PHOTO-OFFSET  COPY Let’s now evaluate what must be done to prepare copy for photo-offset equipment. The set copy is mounted, along with line art, on a paste-up (layout sheet) for photographing. The way art and type are mounted on the paste-up has a great effect on the quality of the finished product. Take care to avoid shadows and wrinkles. If possible, make the paste-up to the actual size of the newspaper. In some cases, a Navy editor may only indicate the sizes and positions of the various elements on the layout sheet  and  then  let  the  publisher  position  them accordingly.  However,  you  can  save  much  time  and effort when you make the complete paste-up yourself. It is easier for’ you to cut and paste the paper than it is for  the  publisher  to  work  with  the  photographic negatives and positives for final assembly. You will need the following items for the paste-up operation: 8-1







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